In simplest terms a diode can be understood as a two terminal electronic device, which allows electrical current to pass in one direction.Diodes are made of a semiconductor material, usually silicon, although materials like selenium and germanium are sometimes used in its construction.A diode only allows unidirectional flow of current. ![]() Learn how and why blocking diodes and bypass diodes are used. If you are interested in learning more, you can read my bestselling book about off-grid solar power.A blocking diode and bypass diode are commonly used in solar energy systems and solar panels. Adding a few solar panels to an existing system is relatively easy. You now have made a DIY home solar battery system. The links to these parts are at the top of this page. The total for this system is 622 dollars. We have 314 dollars plus 304 dollars from the previous installation. 10 gauge battery cables with fuse holder for 15 dollars.A 20a charge controller for 80 dollars,.20 feet solar extension cable for 23 dollars,.Two solar panels for a total of 180 dollars.The total cost for this system is everything from the previous video, plus the extra components we have added to this system. Now we need to choose a fuse that is in between these two. The maximum fuse for a 10 gauge cable is 35A. The wire can be 12 gauge, but since there is no 25Amp fuse, we have to use 10 gauge. We multiply that by the 1,25 safety factor to become 25Amps. To calculate the minimum fuse size, we have to calculate the current that goes through the wire, which is 20amps. The charge controller will put a maximum of 20 amps into the battery, so we need a wire that can handle 20Amps. Lastly, we must select the wire from the charge controller to the battery. Combining these two values, we can select a charge controller that is 20Amps with a maximum input voltage of 100volts. We also have to multiply this by a safety factor of 1,25 to become 53,25V. The total voltage of the two panels is 42,6Volts. We must multiply this by a safety factor of 1,25 to become 19,25 amps. If we divide 200W of solar by 13V charging voltage, we become 15.4 amps. The second is the maximum input voltage of the charge controller.The first is the current to the battery,.Now we need to select the charge controller. 16 AWG wire 14 AWG wire Adding the Charge Controller In reality, there are only 10, and 12-gauge extension wires sold online, so we will use a 12-gauge cable with mc4 connectors. In example one, we need a 16 gauge wire in the second example, we will need a 14 gauge wire. As a rule, you must keep the total voltage drop under 3 percent. ![]() I will calculate two wire lengths, one 25 feet, and one 40 feet. Now we have everything we need to calculate the voltage drop except the distance to the charge controller. Check out my video about wiring in series or parallel for more information on why we wire in series. We will multiply the open circuit voltage of the solar panel by two because we have two panels wired in series. I have made a video about why we must do this. That’s why we need to do a voltage drop calculation. The wires from the solar panels to the charge controllers will be longer than other wires in the system. After we have attached the 10A MC4 fuse, we can put both ends into the MPPT charge controller. If we do that, we will have one positive and one negative wire. That means that the negative of the first panel is connected to the positive of the second panel. As you can see on the schematic, the two solar panels are wired in series. Next, we will wire the solar panels to the existing system. In this case, the maximum series fuse is 10Amps. The size of the fuse will be indicated on the solar panel specifications. We need a fuse between the solar panels and the charge controller. The solar panels can be from any manufacturer like santansolar or renogy. ![]() To keep the installation portable and the current low, we will use two 100-watt solar panels. So we need 200 Watts worth of solar panels to recharge the battery in one day. Remember that our usable battery capacity was 600wh? If we divide 600wh by 3 hours, we become 200 Watts. In most locations, the amount of sun hours per day is 3. The solar panels should charge the battery in one day. Save $100s by Reading my Best-Selling book! Explanation of the Solar System Selecting the Solar Panels
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